Technology Demonstration Project Reports
TDP 01 - Remediation trial using low temperature thermal desorption to treat hydrocarbon- contaminated soil (2004)
This Technology Demonstration Project Report describes the successful pilot trial of low temperature thermal desorption (LTTD) technology as part of a process to assess the feasibility of full scale LTTD cleanup of contaminated soil at a chemical works.
Approximately 38 tonnes of soil contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons was treated by a “Thermal Soil Remediation Unit” (SRU). The purpose of this report is to describe the site conditions, provide an objective assessment of the performance of the SRU technology under pilot trial conditions, and extrapolate costs to full cleanup of the site.
TDP 02 - Remediation of Basford Gasworks using soil washing (2003)
This Technology Demonstration Project Report describes the remediation of Basford Gasworks, Nottingham using soil washing technology.
A risk based process was used to develop the remediation strategy for the site, utilising a source - pathway – receptor analysis. The site specific risk assessment process identified polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), phenolics, ammonia and complex cyanides as the main drivers for remediation.
The results demonstrated that soil washing technology is capable of treating a wide range of granular made ground and natural soil types contaminated with gasworks processing wastes.
TDP 2 - Remediation of Basford Gasworks using Soil Washing
TDP 03 - Design, installation and performance assessment of a zero valent iron permeable reactive barrier in Monkstown, Northern Ireland (2001)
This Technology Demonstration Project Report describes the design, installation and performance assessment of a zero valent iron permeable reactive barrier (PRB) at Monkstown, Northern Ireland.
The Monkstown site has been operational since 1962 in the manufacture and assembly of electronic equipment and was purchased by Nortel Networks in the early 1990s. Soil and groundwater contamination consisting predominantly of trichloroethene (TCE) and its degradation products dichloroethene (DCE) and vinyl chloride (VC) was discovered during due diligence environmental investigations. Although there was no regulatory requirement to remediate the site at the time, Nortel Networks undertook a voluntary cleanup which consisted of excavation and landfilling of contaminated soil and the installation of a zero valent iron PRB system to treat shallow groundwater.
TDP 3 - Design, installation and performance assessment of a zero valent iron permeable reactive barrier in Monkstown, Northern Ireland
TDP 04 - Slurry-phase bioreactor trial (2004)
This Technology Demonstration Project Report describes a slurry-phase bioreactor remediation trial at a former gasworks site in the northwest of England. The trial was designed to demonstrate the effectiveness of slurry-phase bioremediation at commercial-scale.
The technology was tested on a concentrated mixture of coal tar and fill material and significant levels of contaminant degradation were demonstrated especially with respect to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). Lighter end PAHs were degraded by up to 95 % and high molecular weight PAHs were reduced by 68 %. The results indicate how successful slurry-phase bioremediation can be in treating such contaminants in a short time-frame.
TDP 05 - A Reducing and Alkalinity Producing System (RAPS) for passive treatment of acidic, aluminium rich mine waters (2006)
This Technology Demonstration Project Report describes a reducing and alkalinity producing system (RAPS) for the passive treatment of acidic, aluminium rich mine waters. The RAPS was constructed at Bowden Close in County Durham following successful pilot-scale field tests that showed that it is feasible to passively treat these leachates using subsurface flow biogeochemical reactors containing a mixture of compost and limestone. The RAPS improve water quality by the combined action of
bacterial sulphate reduction and limestone dissolution, safeguarding the porosity of the limestone layer.
The full-scale system incorporates two RAPS units and a polishing aerobic wetland. The RAPS units were specifically designed to optimise aluminium removal, as well as other contaminants, and consist of a mixed one-layer substrate, in contrast to the conventional dual-layer approach.
The performance data from the new system are very encouraging: pH rises to neutral values and key
pollutants are almost completely removed. Based on the performance data, the pilot study and experiences with other passive treatment sites, lifetime and life-cycle costs were calculated. These estimations demonstrate the economic advantages of passive treatment, in particular over extended periods of operation.
TDP 5 - A Reducing and Alkalinity Producing System (RAPS) for Passive Treatment of Acidic, Aluminium Rich Mine Waters
TDP 06 - Biopile field demonstration at the Avenue Coking Works (2004)
This Technology Demonstration Project Report describes a biopile field trial at the Avenue Coking Works, Chesterfield. The purpose of the field trial was to help assess the technical and economic performance of an ex situ biopile technology that might be applied as part of the full-scale remediation of the site.
Laboratory tests demonstrated that site materials were suitable for bioremediation. The field-scale biopile was constructed in a purpose-built weatherproof shed, a design which allowed greater control over moisture levels, the rate of injection of air into the biopile and allowed the air emissions to also be monitored.
TDP 6 - Biopile Field Demonstration at the Avenue Coking Works
TDP 09 - Design, installation and performance assessment of an air sparge curtain system (2004)
This Technology Demonstration Project Report describes the design, installation and performance assessment of an air sparge curtain at a former coal-gas manufacturing works. It presents an overview of air sparging technology, aimed at those who have an interest in the use of cost-effective technologies to remediate contaminated soil and groundwater. It describes the environmental conditions and remediation strategy that led to the installation of an air sparging system and provides an objective assessment of the performance of the technology.
Remediation works were undertaken specifically to remove the potential for groundwater contaminants to migrate off-site. Principal contaminants were benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene (BTEX) compounds, phenols and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) such as naphthalene. A three-phase remediation programme was agreed with the Environment Agency: i) source removal, ii) air sparging and iii) polishing and this report focuses on Phase 2 of the overall remediation programme.
TDP 9 - Design, Installation and Performance Assessment of an Air Sparge Curtain System
TDP 12 - Bioremediation of the coke works and former colliery at Askern, Doncaster (2005)
This Technology Demonstration Project Report describes the bioremediation of contaminated material at the coke works and former colliery at Askern, South Yorkshire.
Prior to the bioremediation of the contaminated soils, the contaminated area was mapped and investigated to allow the accurate segregation of the materials at the site. This had the effect of reducing the volume of material requiring treatment or disposal from an estimated 52,000 m3 to 24,000 m3.
Biopile technology was selected as the technique to remediate the contamination at the site, which was predominantly made up of hydrocarbons. The biopiles were constructed on an impermeable base formed from colliery spoil which was present at the site. The nutrient content and moisture content of the contaminated soils were adjusted during the formation works and the biopiles were then covered to prevent saturation.
TDP 12 - Bioremediation of the Coke Works and Former Colliery at Askern, Doncaster
TDP 13 - A permeable reactive barrier for remediation of extremely polluted groundwater associated with a highly pyritic abandoned colliery spoil heap (2006)
This Technology Demonstration Project Report describes the demonstration of Permeable Reactive Barrier (PRB) technology for effective and low cost remediation of coal spoil heap leachate pollution at Shilbottle, Northumberland.
A 180 m long PRB was constructed to intercept spoil heap drainage and, through a combination of calcite dissolution and bacterial sulphate reduction, generates sufficient alkalinity to both neutralise a large proportion of the acidity and allow the subsequent retention of the contaminant metals within the settlement lagoons and aerobic wetland. The successful performance of the system is demonstrated with analytical data spanning two years.
The Shilbottle system is one of a network of six passive mine and spoil heap leachate treatment systems in the north-east of England which together comprise the CoSTaR facility (Coal Mine Sites for Targeted Remediation Research).
TDP 13 - Passive Treatment of Severely Contaminated Colliery Spoil Leachate Using a Permeable Reactive Barrier
TDP 16 - Ex Situ Soil Vapour Extraction to Remediate Chlorinated Hydrocarbons (2007)
This Technology Demonstration Project Report describes the application of ex situ soil vapour extraction (SVE) to remediate chlorinated hydrocarbons, principally carbon tetrachloride and chloroform, at a former organic chemical manufacturing site.
The remediation methodology included excavation of contaminated soils, validation of soil quality in excavation sides and base, construction of the treatment bed, treatment bed filling, operation of the treatment bed, SVE plant operation and continuous assessment of treatment bed performance, periodic abstraction and treatment of water in the excavation, validation of soil treatment results and backfill of treated soils into the excavation void.
The objectives of the project were to assess the performance of ex situ SVE in above ground treatment beds; to assess the Health and Safety risks of excavation and treatment of chlorinated hydrocarbon contaminated soils along with a discussion of any associated air monitoring requirements; and to assess the feasibility and uncertainties of a mass balance on volatilisation losses during excavation and treatment.
TDP 16 - Ex Situ Soil Vapour Extraction to Remediate Chlorinated Hydrocarbons